complete project

PROJECT WORK ON
INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT SYSTEMS



DEVELOPED BY:-
PRATYUSH JHA
MANISH KUMAR DWIVEDI
DIVAKAR MANI TRIPATHI


Introduction

This is a new technology which works on the basic principle i.e. speed = distance/time. Now if we get the two values as written we can calculate the speed of a vehicle and if the details are accurate then there is absolutely no possibility for errors. Now if you think practically you can understand that how this works as well as how this could be helpful in getting you relief from red lights, traffic jams. This simple formula can help you in getting home from your office earlier, and even could help you in saving the so called ‘fuel’.
Now the single question which can arise in your mind would be how?
So let me tell you that you do need not to spend a huge capital to do that you can just use your existing basic car accessories and in fact you own GPS receiver. As we all know that a GPS receiver tells us the exact location of our vehicle on any part of the globe. This is done by the revolving 31 satellites in the space called GPS satellites controlled by U.S MILITARY from the home of GPS SCHRIEVER AIR FORCE BASE. And at any point on globe there are at least 3 of the satellites that cover the receiver now with the help of triangulation a mathematical technique we easily get the position where we are in terms of degrees of latitude and longitude and it can also be projected on a map. A GPS receiver can tell you in which direction you are heading, what is your speed and the estimated time when you will reach your provided destination. Using these we can make a system which will help you in getting rid of the red lights. So for you all the lights will be green always.
The GPS unit will tell the system the exact location of the car and by pinning the red lights posts on the map we can get the fairly accurate distance between the position of the car and the red light post, so now we have the distance. And the next requirement is of the time so this problem can be easily solved by RF transmitter and receiver coupled system. So in the car the requirement is of a radio frequency receiver and at the red light post a RF transmitter, which will transmit the exact time displaying at the red light. The information is then gathered by the RF receiver and then a simple algorithm can calculate the speed that is required to pass the red light without stopping. Other data such as the density of the vehicle, pedestrians and any other obstacle present at the red light the system when coupled with a server can prove very advantageous for all the drivers as it can tell you the status of the traffic and can guide you the best way you can reach your destination by taking a best out of the routes present. This intelligent system can also be useful for emergency services such as in case of any accident the system can itself tell the officials about the position of the happening and ambulances can be informed with the police so that it will be lot more easier for the officials to do their work efficiently in case of any movement or traffic the vehicles can be routed to any other direction so as to dissolve it.  Soon on a long run this intelligent system will help moving on the roads and will make them safe for the commuters.









UNDERSTANDING THE GPS
The GPS stands for the Global Positioning System, as suggested by the name it tells you the location anywhere on the globe. Now the common question is HOW? The answer is that when we stand under the sky there are at least three GPS satellites on the top of our head there are 24 satellites that are necessary for this course of action. So the with the help of these satellites your GPS receiver tells you your exact location on the globe.

 Wherever you stand on the earth there are at least 3 of the satellites on the top of your head covering your position current position.
 

All the GPS satellites transmit a 50 Hz signal consisting of date, accurate time when the signal is being transmitted, and the position of the satellites by this data your GPS receiver by simple mathematical calculations calculates your position.












RADIO FREQUENCY TRANSMITTER AND RECIEVER

Radio frequency (RF) is a rate of oscillation in the range of about 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which corresponds to the frequency of radio waves, and the alternating currents which carry radio signals. RF usually refers to electrical rather than mechanical oscillations, although mechanical RF systems do exist (see mechanical filter and RF MEMS).
Although radio frequency is a rate of oscillation, the term "radio frequency" or its acronym "RF" are also used as a synonym for radio – i.e. to describe the use of wireless communication, as opposed to communication via electric wires.

RADIO COMMUNICATION
In order to receive radio signals an antenna must be used. However, since the antenna will pick up thousands of radio signals at a time, a radio tuner is necessary to tune in to a particular frequency (or frequency range). This is typically done via a resonator – in its simplest form, a circuit with a capacitor and an inductor forming a tuned circuit. The resonator amplifies oscillations within a particular frequency band, while reducing oscillations at other frequencies outside the band.








DETAILED WORKING OF THE SYSTEM

  The requirement is of a minimal modification in the existing system. Let us see how this will work, now in the present conditions if someone tells you to run on a speed and you will get no red lights in front of you that will work as a good solution. But how to get that estimated speed? To acquire it you will need the accurate distance between you and the red light pole and the estimated time till when the light will be green. So the distance can be acquired from your GPS. And the time will be sent by the red light transmitter through RF signals. The modified GPS receiver receives the distance from the GPS unit and time from the red light and will calculate the estimated speed on which if you run your vehicle will get green light in front of you. Now by synchronizing the whole system and giving a dedicated line for the vehicles equipped with this technology will help commuters to travel on a constant speed and cross all the red lights without any hassle. Isn’t that wonderful now there is no need to wait for the red lights to be green no more traffic jams and most important thing of all the fuel will be saved by maintaining the speed of your vehicle.
    As clearly seen in the figure there are GPS satellites and a car equipped with GPS and wireless receiver and a red light with the same GPS and the transmitter. Now let us try to go in a little depth, so at first we will understand how we will get the location and the overall distance with the help of GPS so let me tell you that the GPs unit will calculate the current position of the vehicle and if we tag on the map the red light post then there will be a possibility of getting the distance the only requirement is to make some modification in the software of GPS so that it automatically calculates the distance and store it in its RAM now the radio frequency transmission will come in the picture with the help of wireless technology the red light will send a signal to the time which is displayed on the red light also the speed limit of the route can be received to ensure that the vehicle run under the limit.
By using the above data provided the supplied algorithm will easily calculate the required speed to go through the red light without stopping.

WIRELESS UNIT

   GPS UNIT






CALCULATION UNIT



DISPLAY



The OBSERVATIONS
The observations are based on the current virtualization of the project and should be considered as an estimate for the development.
Suppose that the maximum speed of the lane to be 50 km/hr.
In this case at first we consider that the speed of the vehicle to be maximum then the estimated time with the time is calculated if it comes under proper format (in the green light time) and there is a proper passage through red light then that becomes the required speed but if it comes in the red section then the time is extended to the green section with a proper section of 5 seconds is left as per security of people in the red light section. This technique is also used to tell the driver about the congestion of people near the red light and also warns him about the density that he/she is going through. So in this way it also provides security for the pedestrians, this could be also helpful if the vehicles stuck in between crossings and also warn him/her about the any obstruction and in advance cases can also send live video of the red light.
Sample readings
Static time is 24 seconds on green and constantly decreasing.
Speed limit will be 50 km/hr 13.88 m/s.
And the limit of time or the flip time is 30 s.

  S no Distance Speed in m/s Time taken Time static when crossed the  red light Safe passage  
1 20 m 13.88 m/s 29 s 25 s on green Yes  
2 50 m 13.88 m/s 3 s 21 s on green Yes  
3 500 m 8.47 m/s 59 s 25 s on green Yes  
4 1000 m 13.88 m/s 72 s 18 s on green Yes  
5 2000 m 13.88 m/s 144 s 5 s on green Yes


The ALGORITHM
This algorithm consists of the formula that calculates the required speed on which to travel to get a safe passage across the red light.

To calculate the time of passage there are some steps which needs to be followed.
Step 1: In first step you have to calculate the time taken by the vehicle to cross the red light at a speed equivalent to the maximum limit.
Step 2: In this step you have to compare whether the time calculated in step 1 result in safe passage or not.
Step 3: If yes then give the time as output on the screen, if not then the flip time plays an role if on green add the flip time to the existing time then add it to the time and calculate the speed and give it at the output.
Step 4: If lies on red section the alternate addition of the time will change and similarly the desired speed will be calculated.









FURTHER ENHANCEMENTS

Enhancements would include a warning system that will warn about the density of the vehicles on the red light or any traffic jam in the route to your destination. When collaborated with the cameras turn out to be a really useful one, can inform the emergency services. Real time monitoring of the traffic system will be by possible by establishing the system and in the system the benefit is that driver is in direct contact of the system.
In future if the financial condition goes well and the project gets sponsored by any big firm this facility can also be provided on your own mobile smart cell phones. The only change that will take place will be establishment of a server instead of red light transmitting data the server can also send it on your handhelds via internet.  









Cost management

GPS Navigator

Anyone who has ever gotten lost on a long trip or in an unfamiliar area or finds reading a map difficult will appreciate car GPS navigators. Anyone who had directions that they printed off of the computer get lost, have a drink spilled on them or had them fly out the window while traveling at 70 mph down the interstate, will find the perfect solution with car GPS navigators. These global positioning systems are so simple to use, come in a wide array of price points, and are available with a multitude of different features that there is sure to be one for perfect for every driver.

The starting price of a simple GPS navigator is around Rs. 6000/- [installation charges extra].
This GPS navigator tells the location of nearest traffics lights and also gives the details of distance of the subject from them.



R-F Transmitter
In order to receive radio signal an antenna must be used. However since the antenna will pick up thousands of radio signals at a time a radio tuner is necessary to tune into a particular frequency. This is typically done via resonator. The resonator amplifies oscillation within a particular frequency band, while reducing the frequency outside the band.

The overall cost of the module would be approximately equal to Rs. 2000/unit and the installation coupled with other charges takes it to Rs.4000/- to Rs. 5000/-
So the overall cost including The GPS and The RF module turns out to be around Rs. 11000/unit.
All the data provided are prior estimates and it the price of the module can raise and fall according to the design of the system.